Body Waxing Charlotte Nc

religion recovered in Argentina



The recovered companies are those in which its workers have taken control of them. Many times after an alleged situation of bankruptcy.

to take action and make it productive enterprises by the workers themselves these, apart from the patrons, has notable precedents factory occupations of Italy in the 1920's.

Thus, the traditional hierarchical firms led by a chief or group of leaders, become self-managed cooperatives where the workers who decide at a meeting the decisions that affect them.

Although there are numerous cases of recovered and self-managed cooperatives, we will focus on the case of Argentina: Argentina

has been an arena where they have implemented and consistently applied neoliberal economic policies. This led to a situation of structural crisis whose throughput was installed in all possible dimensions of the crisis: economic, political, legitimacy, representativeness, hegemony and counter-hegemony, and social.

Policy measures such as privatization of state services, customs open to all sorts of foreign goods, investments and loans at high interest rates, financial speculation market ... led to a de-industrialization of the country, with the correlate of massive unemployment (unemployment than 25% ), depletion of more than half the population 36millones inhabitants, which grew into Undue the gap between rich and poor.

The concentration of wealth was the direction in which government and market partnered to implement all its operations.

Corruption was also structural, since in all areas: economic, judicial, social and outside, there was no shortage of course, also partners to avert all a perverse system where every day they entered the poverty and marginalization thousands of women and men.
The country was thus led to the third-globalization.

Against this background of deprivation, in both basic needs and the threat of a future worse off were the workers, swelling the numbers of unemployed. Companies
closed by bankruptcy, many times fraudulent or because their owners left them. Workers in some of these companies chose to defend their jobs. They took the abandoned factories and decided to start producing the same, "Recovering and making their own."

These decisions were not easy and meant a whole series of actions of resistance and struggle of all kinds. Had to endure police repression, legal pressures, economic and social.

The Movement of Recovered Factories and Businesses:

The phenomenon of recovery companies in Argentina is part of the new social movements of resistance to the neoliberal model. Picketers, movement of the unemployed, neighborhood assemblies, and join in solidarity MNER mutually constituting the association network of resistance and struggle in Argentina that has been systematically devastated.

Occupy, Resist, Produce reinvicativa is the voice of the National Movement of Recovered Companies, a voice that stands today more than 190 companies.

In this way, are organized workers outside the political-economic power. Actually generated from what has been excluded, marginalized the power in its various dimensions.

workers are stripped of their jobs, undertake the struggle for recovery when the employer fails to pay wages, or leaves the factories where they do not offer returns that characterized ambitious entrepreneur logic.

The strategy is simple and clear: recover the jobs. It is the struggle of logic, the right to work, compared to the twisted logic of capitalism.

The tools have been implemented to concretize the fighting in different fronts has been to become co .
The cooperative association is the legal and they have taken to confront the state and the legal system against the threat and the decision of the bankruptcy of factories by the judge / a competent, opens the possibility that it is being ceded to the workers.

Of course, this decision belongs to a judge / ay only through persistent pressure of workers, support local assemblies, communities, BAT and some other media coverage has made the recovery of the different companies

In all cases, the organizational form is the direct representation sovereign assembly- , wherein the horizontal is the organizational engine.

That the means of production into the hands of workers labor redefines a culture different from any previous experience lived by their peers. The logic is different, the self , with its power in making decisions, in contrast to her responsibilities previously only competed owners of production units, the income equality of all workers leave scale back wages as hierarchical solidarity turns its back on competition.

In the physical space of the factory also operates another transformation in the symbolic level. The factory is open to the outside retrieved. The community makes her own from different locations: the conflict ceases to be exclusive of workers becomes a reality to claim the neighborhood, village or community. Factory opens its doors to live in her artistic expressions, cultural centers, training centers, formal education (high school youth and adults), health care ...
factory thus passes become a private space to public space.
Each partner now has regained his job this way has experienced in its subjectivity recovery processes in every way possible: recovery of self-esteem to the danger of joining the ranks of the unemployed, recovery of the sense of fellowship and solidarity with the rise of extreme individualism of the Menem decade, and above all a sense of triumph that raises awareness to each small step achieved.

The MNER is defined as an autonomous movement of all power and that has been built from the actions of the bases. Since its practices have been built valores contrapuestos a los hoy hegemónicos. Accionan desde la cotidianeidad y en esa cotidianeidad construyen el futuro, dando prioridad a la sociedad civil sobre el Estado.

La lista de empresas recuperadas comprende un espectro de singularidades y cada una de ellas es el resultado de una complejidad para la resolución de las distintas dimensiones del conflicto. Desde la reciente recuperación de una fábrica de 400 trabajadores hasta una escuela o una clínica conforman la diversidad y al mismo tiempo la unidad.

Y desde esta mirada el Movimiento Nacional de Empresas Recuperadas es un acontecimiento, una nueva forma de resistencia social a lo hegemónico.

Can You Get Ringworm From A New Tattoo

9 years ago, a day like today, my father died. my light and my joy. Pedro Canales Tapia

How Much Daylight Do When Gain Everyday

behaviors in monkeys contradict the classic economic theories


Monkeys have a sense of justice similar to that of humans.

The equality is found to be a need for the life of the complex groups.

A survey for the first time to study the economic behavior of capuchin monkeys found that nonhuman primates respond negatively to an unfair distribution of reward, even with no further work if they feel unfairly treated. Thus the sense of justice emerges as an innate ability in our species, alien to the culture, that has evolved from our primate ancestors manifested as a need for the life of the complex groups. By Vanessa Marsh.

sense of justice is a necessity for complex group life and is an innate ability in our species that has evolved from our primate ancestors, according to the results of an investigation conducted to determine the meaning of justice in groups of capuchin monkeys. The research, which has been developed by Sarah Brosnan and Frans de Waal of the Yerkes National Primate Research Center in Atlanta, affiliated with Emory University, was determined that non-human primates respond negatively to an unfair distribution of reward, a common reaction in humans attributed to a universal sense of justice in the culture of our species.

The researchers worked with capuchin monkeys, who were trained to perform odd jobs in exchange for a food reward. When alone, these primates are satisfied with any gift, but they act differently when treatment is collective. When in groups, primates that receive less food than others reject the reward if they find that a colleague of his kind get more food for work or less, even to no further work if they feel unfairly treated , which is the primary manifestation of the exercise of strike.

Sarah Brosnan, one of the researchers who participated in the experiment, told the BBC: "The most interesting is the suggestion that human cooperation is more effective if there is a sense of justice."

"Sometimes, unaware of the reward, sometimes accepted it and then throw it away," he added.

The scientists were not surprised that the monkeys showed a sense of justice, but their attention when they rejected a compensation had been accepted.

That if Brosnan said: "never reacted against the monkey that had received more, nor the blame."

Anchorage instincts

This behavior was considered so far typically human and as a result of the evolution of our civilization, as humans, even from childhood, often reject a reward or compensation not corresponds to what we consider appropriate or fair. For this reason, the discovery gives cause for reflection about the nature sense of justice in our species and the so-called profit motive, because, as Harvard scientists suggest, the sense of justice may be based more on an innate moral faculty (but not exclusive to our species), which reflects logical product of a cultural tradition.

For the authors of this research, the first of its kind, has been revealed the existence of an instinctive sensitivity towards equality in nonhuman primates, clearly contrary to the inequality which means that the rejection injustice is more rooted in the instincts of our species in our culture. As explain the authors of this research, which publishes the journal Nature, the discovery of this sense of justice in primates contradicts traditional economic theory according to which individuals seek above all to meet their particular necessities.

Theoretical review

However, for these primates social and sociable, the profit motive of a cucumber is less important than the psychological rejection that inspires an unfair reward for work, which reveals an attitude completely irrational to economists. Reflecting this research is that to decide whether or not they enter an economic exchange, primates evaluate not only the attractiveness of the reward, but also that they receive compared to their peers about the work .

This study showed that when individuals act in their natural state without cultural conditioning, look to the same extent that the satisfaction of their needs cooperation with peers and relationships of equality.

This observation force to review current theories based on competition among individuals to meet, to integrate other motivations in economic behavior of our species.

Extracted from: http://www.tendencias21.net/Los-primates-tienen-un-sentido-de-la-justicia-similar-al-de-los-humanos_a219.html

Tibial Posterior Tendonitis Physiotherapy

temperance ANARCHISM AND FIGHT IN THE SPANISH CIVIL WAR

Attitudes against alcohol during the Civil War

During the English Civil War in the front line of Huesca, the Libertarian Youth of Barbastro hang a series of posters with the following :

"THE BAR: Ankylosing is the nursery of the cockiness, CERRÉMOSLE.
TAVERN, atrophy and degeneration fighting spirit, CERRÉMOSLA.
DANCE is the prelude to the brothel, killing the energies of the young fighter, CERRÉMOSLE.
cinemas and theaters, a mission-fascist work, otherwise, CERRÉMOSLO. Everyone who frequent these places are worthy of contempt "PARASITISM DOWN!" [1].

Analyzing the anarchist press time, observe similar criticism to entertainment centers, "to the situation cafeteril, obsession the bar and jukebox. " Bars, cafes and cabarets are perceived as places screened and supported by capitalism, where vice, "home and promotion purely clerical fascist, does wear the energies of the fighters, causing outrage among those who want to win the war and make it revolutionary "[2]. Even violent incidents occur, as several militant attacks on cafes and tavernas in Lleida, where "they put tables upside down, and almost did the same with their peaceful concurrent [3]. These examples show the importance for anarchists is in these moments the fight against alcohol and against public schools fun [4].

A first, simplified explanation for this focuses on the importance that every conflict has the rear, which must be seen as an example moralizing. In general, moderation is requested to be a model for the front and show solidarity with the fighters, so there are frequent criticisms of frivolous attitudes that occur in it: on the Republican side are several examples, some as early as The People's Militia, which in October 1936 requires that "has to end the embarrassment that offer terraces and indoor cafes, elegant always crowded strategists who, between sips of beer, say about the conduct of operations and commented disparagingly that the government measures adopted [5].

The ABC report incidents that occur in the cafes of Madrid, as referenced in an article entitled "False fighters and false gentlemen," February 1937: about individuals who present themselves as fighters, trying to stop the soldiers resting in some bars and cafes, accusing them of being traitors ambushed and gentlemen. Even the daily broadcasts some slogans like "the real militia with machine guns do not drink coffee [6] or" real militia is not the hero on the streets of Alcalá "[7].

In March 1937, the campaign Pro KPA launched in Tarragona has among its main objectives, structure rear-life "to end the complacency and joy in which one lives and makes life war, his mission would also close the cabarets and shows are not designed to target for war, and to prohibit the dances on Sunday [8].

Valencia, the new republican capital, is seen from the besieged Madrid as a shocking example not to follow in such difficult times. The ABC contains an article Fragua Social of Valencia, with the eloquent title " But this is a festival? ", which reads:" If this is not fair, it seems a lot. We believe the time has come to take seriously the problems of frivolity. Da grime consider Valencia. Everywhere songs, music, radio, noise, joy unbridled nonsense words, abandon, euphoria ... and the war is not won yet, nor are far fronts and is not completely cleared the horizon ... What is This? Do we live in a country of madmen, or we want to go crazy to others? Imitate the example of Madrid and serve as a model the morale of his rear. Pessimism, no, but unconscious, either; the war required. " And it seems that this animated both day and night was something that amazed those who first came to the capital Levantine " cabarets were crowded, since it opened early in the afternoon until closing long after midnight "said a British diplomat [9], [10].

country in the area find similar situations. One such master Nemo criticism in Seville ABC, faced with the idea that a standard rear, with people walking the streets, laughing and taking snacks, we are proud to demonstrate that in order reigns territory and abundant supplies, is "necessary and required to live the war from the depths of our soul and with all the powers of personality, because those who struggle in front of us call this solidarity dear" [11]. Also published a note about the frivolous complaint should not even be considered high treason, but is an accomplice and an accessory to this crime: "Do not forget you, pretty girl and insubstantial that curd ribbons and badges, you do a variety of ways to weaken the fighters of the Crusade. In doing so, you're not in the substance rather than an agent of moral decay of severity required by the war "[12].

Some local authorities are quick to order the closure of cabarets and cafes with waitresses, arguing that "there are moments of fun living Spain, much less of smoking." La Voz de Asturias demands: "we want a less brothels Oviedo and more love for God and country", and prestigious writers criticize "a frivolous spirit intrigue and cocktail ", stating that" the dead by God and for Spain will rise against re cheap, but revised and expanded, the mentality of music hall "[13].

Anarchism and alcohol

anarchism goes further, as evidenced by the fact that the fight against alcohol is a transversal element of this ideology, since its inception. Alcoholic beverages are brought from the early founding texts as a sinister poison, which the capitalist Borgias dull intended to keep away from the revolution, the will of the workers: "stupefied the toxic, does not feel the weight of their chains and degradation of slavery, "said a treaty with the eloquent temperance title" damn poison "[14]. "Workers, do not drink! Many workers, lousy parents and husbands worse, forgetting the most sacred duties, wasted half or one third of the already low wages they receive, in alcoholic libations at the bar, in the game, leaving the children and women without bread, forced to fast and victims of all the tribulations of life! "proclaims also a well known anarchist publication [15].

Alcohol is seen as a terrible weapon of the enemy to be fought, because "the higher core drinkers, more benefits of submission, and that gradually removes energy drink, health, nobility and understanding and, worse still, sense of dignity "[16]. Product and support the capitalist system, alcoholism will not disappear over with him. The effect will not cease as long as the cause. Even alcohol is seen as a formidable competitor to its own revolutionary ideology, according to Bakunin, the dangers of alcohol could derail the revolution to see consumption of workers in an erroneous output at its degrading situation and a way easy to escape the misery of capitalism. "To escape their situation (meaning the people) there are three methods, two chimeric and one real. The first two are the tavern and the church, debauchery of the body or debauchery of mind, the third is social revolution "[17].

The rejection of some values \u200b\u200bthat are considered demeaning and the utopian vision of a new society have led some historians have seen in the English anarchist movement primitive character or millenarian . Thus we speak of "austere Puritans that drove impose vegetarianism, sexual abstinence and antialcoholism one of the backward peasants of Europe "[18].

This view must be challenged and that, contrary to the assertions of some texts on the zeal of the anarchists, most local leaders and attending the lyceum and unions believe in moderation, not abstinence . The class-conscious worker, the anarchist dedicated to symbolize the spirit and knowledge needed to create a new humanity, prevents the card game in the bar, not going to brothels, do not go to church or baptized their children, and drink in moderation.

José Monroy, director of Casas Viejas argues that one can drink a little, but not too much, not drunk [19]. Drunkenness is frowned upon by anarchists, and this position has been considered by some historians as the cause of that, compared with the English case, alcohol is a minor problem in the English industrialization process [20].

We also mention the interesting relationship established in the twenties and thirties of the twentieth century between anarchism and naturism. Naturism-both with regard to dietary habits and natural medicine and of contact with nature, have an important influence in many anarchist thinkers, as reflected in magazines such as Helios or Initial . In this context, the rejection of alcohol and snuff are evident: "The worker who has to breathe unhealthy work atmosphere ... evil can naturalize your life and customs. Further, despite everything possible to avoid multiple influences is harmful to their health, such as alcohol, snuff, tavern, messiness, and perform other beneficial, as the field trip in search of sun and fresh air, choose food spoils the least harmful. " Or this one, aimed at young people to promote nudism including: "Get direct contact with nature at the time that the struggle for bread leave you free ... Escape from bars and cafes; away from you the snuff and alcohol, and brutalize you sick " [21]. According to the eugenic discourse dominant at that time, we must promote the eugenic factors that enhance physical and mental condition of individuals (physical activity, good nutrition) and neutralize the dysgenic : alcohol, the snuff, STDs and, above all, destroy its primary cause: poverty. Alcohol

the English Civil War

English Civil War (as in many wars of long duration) leads to increased alcohol consumption in each of the opposing sides, both the front and the rear [22].

Throughout the war, the wine (and by extension, all other alcoholic drinks) is considered an essential part of the power of the individual caloric intake that is granted. Not surprisingly, it contained various medical treatises and hygienists of the time, and even their own military tradition.

From Military Hygiene English manuals proclaimed that the wine may tolerated especially in the field to maintain physical strength, moral power and a certain euphoria, that in certain circumstances it may be useful "[23]. Throughout the whole conflict is part wine ration campaign regulations and was replaced by beer or cider on extraordinary occasions. In the early months of the war, alcohol consumption is even higher: a report of a Quartermaster Captain Franco Northern Army indicates that as of November 2, 1936, have already given their forces 600,000 liters of wine at a rate of one pint per man-day, twice the amount of regulation, a package of snuff every three days and twice pure anise [24].

Given the high consumption, the Quartermaster General of Burgos he claims that in April 1937 that "the current consumption of wine reached a volume so large that it is safe to say that to continue in the same proportion could be difficulties. " Referred to the exhaustion of reserves, the lack of packaging, transport difficulties and the poor harvest of the last two years and aims to reduce the amount of wine that comes in front and the removal of this product in the rear fittings . The response of the Commander in Chief of the Northern Army, written by hand on the same report, is so stark as blunt: "provides that, having wine in abundance, do not give received" [25].

Franco's army will seek to establish tight control over production and, thus, in August 1938 the City of Zaragoza received a telegram from the Fifth Military Region, where he announced that all stocks and the production of beer the city are operated by the Army to keep military hospitals without supplies [26].

In the Republican zone, the waste of alcohol and other assets at the outset of the war is also important, forced to take action, either disciplinary or deterrent. Sample of the latter is a poster with the image of a militant and in the bottom and lying on the floor, a bottle that pours wine and half a loaf. Allusive text says "Gunmen! Do not waste municipalities or food, or energy. " Popular Militia in states, two months after the uprising, they have come to the front lines to two million bottles of beer, but also shows the complaint of the comrades working in the factories producing the non-returned never packaging, resulting in damage [27].

This initial waste situation and problems in the rear sometimes cause the Popular Army Quartermaster serious problems as in the case of the 153 Brigade mixed column ex Land and Freedom , where you get to set in September 1937 rationing of wine and other products, which provokes protests from the soldiers ("we have been accused of being incompetent, plugs, thieves, scoundrels," say the quartermaster in charge of the Brigade) [28]. A witness says a U.S. brigade, however, that the military conscientious Republicans "had, in effect, a puritanical attitude towards alcohol and sex. Getting drunk or getting a debilitating disease syphilitic not only the individual but also to the army. Both events were often compared with the wounds that were self produced or injury through negligence "[29].

Although, as we have seen, from both sides encouraged their rearguard to bear hardships with dignity in the context of war drama, hunger and sacrifice is not surprising that the population (civil and military) seek intoxicant refuge in the more accessible it was: alcohol.

For its part, section A highlight of the Diari de Tarragona notes the increase in beverage sales alcohol to be consumed by the civilian population at home, and, "when asked buyers about the reasons for the sporadic action, have shown that drinking makes them more bearable many concerns, especially those that refer to the problem of provisions "[33]. Wine and spirits become a very valued in the cities of the rear: in Tarragona, the sale of wine prices go from 0.40 pesetas per liter in July 1936 to a quarter in October (the official ceiling price is being 0.40), two in July 1937, three in October, 3.50 in January 1938, five in July of that year and up to 7.50 in October [34]. The authorities seek to control trade in this product, though the allegations and seizures are common.

Anarchism and temperance fight in the English Civil War

summer events of 36 marked a decisive turning point in the English anarchist movement: the fight against the rebels, the long awaited arrival of the Revolution and dilemma of collaboration with other labor forces and the republican institutions are the basic pillars of English anarchism during the war. In the combined task of sinking the existing world and building a new one, the fight against alcohol also deals an essential role.

In its fight against the vices of the capitalist world, syndicalists advocate a reorganization of bars, taverns and nightclubs. On February 13, 1937 close the two nightclubs that operate in Tarragona and its openness to influences that provide "a decent show," ie, "socialized vaudeville spectacle, comedy and so on., Full artistic, moral and with box office, excluding obscenity and switch defect was concealed or openly with people of different sexes, with the consequent abuse of alcohol beverages and to brutalize and degrade the man "[37]. In

the nearby town of Reus, the Trade Union of Public Entertainment gets the reopening of Eden Concert local provided for improvements in local hygiene and a ban on serving drinks of any kind [38]. moreover propose a campaign to promote temperance by health unions anarchist conferences and lectures and also defended as an alternative to prostitution, bars and cabarets, attendance at cultural centers, libraries, youth instructional , cultural centers, schools and unions rationalists CNT, while seeking healthier choices for musicians and prostitutes. Some alternatives to be considered as not very successful, given the amount of text which criticizes "the greedy behavior of fun, waste of life in the cafes ... while soldiers die in the battlefield [39], [40].

anarchist From the perspective shown in this time of war a different view from the traditional to the problem of alcohol and alcoholism. The alcoholic patient is no longer a victim of capitalist exploitation is now a traitor to the Revolution: "In these moments of supreme concern, binge drinking should not be tolerated. The drunkard is a wretch that must annihilate "Says the weekly agitation. He who gets drunk at the moment still a comrade to become an enemy "[41]. "A drunk is a parasite. Abolish it! "Requires a notice of the Department of Public Order of Aragon.

caused by drunken incidents in Madrid and Barcelona are frequent, and punishment, for anarchists, required. This is the case of an employee of the Workers' Cooperative Fish Wholesale in Madrid, which appear drunk after work is suspended for a month pay [42]. A senior union leader is also reported by other students for being drunk often seen by Valencia streets, and so hindered his promotion to the Deputy Secretary of the National Tobacco "for their mistakes and defects detrimental to the libertarian cause" [43].

anarchist An example of interest in the search for suitable alternatives to wine production, essential to the economy of many English regions, is the promotion of non-alcoholic products such as mostillo , however limited as evident by the lack of flour. Another example is the creation in 1938 by the Regional Federation of Peasants and Food in the call center biol-uva , "No will of anemia, an outlet other than grapes to make wine, and" loyalist Spain provides a healthy and nutritious food. " In a promotional brochure extolling the qualities of the product, a concentrated grape must, made in Manzanares, and, in addition to solving the supply problems, solve the crisis in wine, improve health, could be exported and, finally, would fight alcoholism by indirect means, the most effective, "with one liter of concentrated must dine a family of six with some bread. With the equivalent in wine (three liters) dinner not only one, but, having no other thing would come out all drunk. " The disadvantages, however, are numerous, and quality (bad flavor syrup), or the amount of production is adequate, and even supplies the delegation of the City of Madrid for a long time paralyzed the capital distribution by considering it as a wine-sweet wine or drink alcohol compared to any other [44].

One area where anarchism has remained more active during the war, making it one of the most important means of propaganda for the ideology and vision of the new company, is the cinema. The film production and distribution of Republic is initially in the hands of the CNT-FAI on the strength of its entertainment industry: the Trade Union of Public Entertainment, the majority in the sector.

The importance of cinema and its educational value is enhanced by various anarchist leaders as Joseph Aloma, Councillor of Culture of the City of Tarragona, whom he considers to be programmed a cinema with titles of "social bias" that serve "revolutionary constructive work," thus rejecting films purely commercial purpose "[45]. Coincident

in their approaches, SIE Anarchist Films producer decides to make a series of "educational films" dedicated to the "hygiene customs," that is, the presentation of the struggle between labor and capital virtuosos, kidnapper of conscience and remunerative vices and virtues , "which has condemned many to alcoholism, hospital, prison or prostitution by their peers" [46]. Among the films highlight "Shantytown" by Pedro Puche (1937), set in a much maligned by anarchists as the underworld, and which are intended to reflect "the dramatic struggle between relaxation and loved products that are not contaminated of impurities in the middle "[47]. The film includes references open use and trafficking of cocaine for the first time in English cinema.

In terms of titles produced by SIE Films are also references to a series of short films, about twenty minutes and add considered films, which unfortunately have lost the most, but certainly reflect the anarchist view on the vices of capitalist origin. Its aim is to remove the public awareness of these issues. Thus, "Prostitution," the melodrama of Luis Fernandez Ardavín and directed by V. Catalan is presented as "a very firm and well founded diatribe against the social evil which gives its name to the production." For its part, "As beasts", also V. Catalan, is "a lively and critical steely against alcoholism, highlighting the ravages of such deadly vice, both individual and social agency." "Last", by Pedro Puche, is a "funny-serious point," according to a sign at the beginning, which is also engaged in the same problem as above. These last two films did not premiere as it is estimated that implementation is terrible and questionable ideological opportunity [48], [49].

Next to the cinema, also the poster-critical in a society with such a high degree of illiteracy, is promoted as a means of education and propaganda. An example is a poster, published by the Union of Agricultural Industries, Fisheries and Food, CNT-FAI, which presents a sleepy smoke, clutching a bottle and a glass of wine and some playing cards in the foreground. The accompanying text is eloquent: "Workers! The service will lead to despair and madness. Avoid it. "

From step of the CNT by the Republican administration left little trace. His brief participation (between November 1936 and May 1937) and the plight of the Republic make it more significant is the fact of the participation of anarchists in a government that they actually do [50]. In any case, we stress the importance of the figure of Federica Montseny, Minister of the new Ministry of Health and Welfare, established on November 4, 1936 from remnants of Labor and Interior. In addition to addressing the huge problem of refugees, Montseny known for its health policy-oriented preventive medicine. It is considered that the socialized medical care and preventive health measures should be the key new development in order to provide a comprehensive health and social response to the needs people's health. As the same Montseny said in a speech held at the Apollo Theater in Valencia on June 6, 1937, "in Health tried as health policy, prevent disease, not to have to cure them, locating the source of infection to avoid having to heal epidemics, to be always alert to cases widening, not an issue "[51]. It also proclaims his frustrated desire to have fought against the evils resulting from social and economic inequalities, such as prostitution. The fight against alcoholism, of course, would have been included in this strategy.



FINAL CONSIDERATIONS Despite all the efforts mentioned above, we can say that most of these measures do not achieve their objectives. Among the causes that allow us to explain this failure, we highlight the following:

1. The political context of the Civil War is not at all suitable. The priority needs of war and political infighting in the Republican zone, culminating in the events of May 1937, marking the defeat of the revolutionary anarchist theory and limit its political and its possibilities of action. To this is added the internal difficulties of the anarchist groups, with a mass membership at the beginning of the war people becoming aware, that blur the personal commitment of its members. As an illustration, in this case referred to snuff, "we can cite the indignation of a former militant of the CNT who, returning from the front, observed that fellow rearguard was engaged in speculating with cigarettes, a precious commodity and disputed [ 52].

2. Moreover, the defeat of the insurgents in much of Spain and the role of the armed militias of the unions, which control much of the power beginning in the Republican zone, make seizures, and collective land (including wine) and businesses (including these those in the hospitality industry) are very numerous. This logically implies that there is an economic concern for achieving profitable farms, and that is not enough at all, as we have seen, with non-alcoholic products derived from grapes. The aforementioned Regional Federation of Peasants and Food Centre to resolve the crisis would be wine-prewar-by improving the quality of the wines and promoting the production of fortified wines and spirits, encouraging even anise plant established in Madrid and property of the CNT itself, despite the many difficulties (inability to purchase boilers, lack of anethole-essence anise-etc.). Also, despite the difficulties of transport, try to reach the capital large quantities of wine to sell in warehouses and stores collectivized inactive for lack of this precious product. In fact, between 30 October and 26 December 1937 Madrid can only be about 250,000 liters, insignificant amount, given the existing demand, and the problem is accentuated throughout the year 1938 [53]. This causes some problems of awareness among members: a writer conscious of publication ilerdense Acracia is indignant because traders have dared to trivialize the revolutionary icons for sale its products: "Anise The militant , Cigarette paper CNT, Prices antifascist, Café July 19, here is the new terminology of trade ... In a bar in the leading guarantee of workers' control and consuming cognac, read this sign: companion, this property belongs to you Exalt "[54].

3. Finally, we note a third essential element: the social status of alcohol is, at present, extremely positive. In addition to the war situation, already causing emotional processes that may plunge the alcohol, a factor that reinforces their social value: the false myths related to drinking and, in some ways, still existing today. Alcohol is seen as a staple food, a tonic, an exhilarating, a painkiller, a remedy against the cold or simply a substance that can escape from such ruthless reality [22]. A case can serve as an example and, perhaps, in conclusion: before the intervention effort, and at the end of the war, all the phlegm and alcohol from wine waste by the Undersecretariat of Armament Republic to meet war needs, the Federation of Anarchist peasant replied that, if accepted, would have to stop its production of spirits and liquors, and that "it is true that are not considered essential items but, given the current circumstances and the effort that must require workers and fighters, sometimes not so well fed and out of want, almost need to reach such consideration "[55].

http://www.memorialibertaria.org/valladolid/IMG/pdf/ANARQUISMO_Y_LUCHA_ANTIALCOHOLICA_EN_LA_GUERRA_CIVIL_ESPANOLA.pdf

Authors: Mariano Lázaro
Arbués 1, Manuel Cortes
White 2 (1) degree in Geography and History. Professor of Geography and History.
IES Salvador Vilaseca. Reus (Tarragona).
(2) Doctor of Medicine. Preventive Medicine.
Defence General Hospital, Zaragoza.

Denise Milani Promo 034 Denise Milani Waiting

La mujer que amaba a Leonard Cohen

Recursively the cold, then barking, then silence.

half hour, time succumbs to absurd designs, the aircraft noise, the horror in the eyes of one who waits for death. Meet

one room, has walked these floors and everything you ever knew of love I learned from a stranger. Now everything seems to be over, his gaze travels the strange paths that draw the corners of a room ashen cold and darkness exhaling.

"It's hard to hold hands with someone who has reached the sky just to surrender"

His lungs contract with the stale air of loneliness and waiting, aching, bleeding, waiting for the strange chatter loan words that flooded the ancient books as a child, the words of someone else who now fill its lungs of fluid and and dense, waxy, Fourteen minutes, time is marked.

was a child until a few moments ago I was a kid, never did find out what makes a person becomes an adult, a wide-eyed girl by rushing attacks of pain every so often, a little girl's face old-looking skin with the smell emanating from old ... the cold to listen, nod his poetry, try to hit the notes of the guitar with a throat torn by bloody coughing. The

final moments of life seem to be marked by a kind of cold in the bones, no shaking, no such feeling on the skin ... only a small horrible rumor within the body, and she breathed with difficulty, with unconditional love breathing. Now the fall is produced with an unspeakable absence of vertigo, an almost inaudible thud ... like his voice, deep, deep, heartfelt ... the voice of an ancestral hallelujah.

then moves away in a sinister howling of escape, his chest welcomes all those songs that speak of love, the only treasure left a strange man is released in the last second of oxygen that remains ... and there are no words to describe things as love, chains those things that can not be untied.

Someone once said that this is not the way to say goodbye.

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Slaughter in Rwanda and the interest Western governments, the UN and the Catholic Church


Rwanda is one of many African countries outlined their borders after they retired those who had taken over a century. Something that did not bring them peace, as the infighting between the various ethnic groups that inhabit them continue today. Struggles in many cases reached slaughter levels in the midst of political turmoil precisely because of the ambition of these ethnic groups coming to power, in which were alternating. Conflicts that have not been outside the Western powers, which as usual handle these conflicts and who the protagonists at will, what a bloody chess pieces, political and financial support, plus assistance "logistics" through arms, each of the warring factions.

This small country is home to several ethnic groups, although those that are predominantly Hutu (85% approx.) And the Tutsi (15% approx.), Following them far behind the Twa tribe , which in turn has become even smaller after the massacre in which, in spite of them as they are very peaceful, were involved. And those two predominant ethnic groups who have staged the bloodiest clashes since independence, conflict that peaked in the slaughter of 1994. So strong are the conflicts between Hutus and Tutsis who also speak their own language African (Bantu), ended up adopting the French language English Hutus and Tutsis. This is because the role that had marked Western nations in conflict.

Culturally, the separation Hutu / Tutsi is an artificial division based more on class than ethnicity, since there is no linguistic or cultural differences between the Hutu and Tutsi. Historically, however, there were physical differences, mainly in average height. The Hutu and Tutsi share the same religion and language. Some scholars also point to the important role played by the Belgian colonizers created the idea of \u200b\u200ba separate "race" Hutu and "race" Tutsi.

Belgium, the country that had colonized Rwanda, chose from the beginning of their domination by the Tutsi minority privilege to turn it into an elite. For its part, the Church between Hutus gave the notion of superiority and placed them in key positions in the colonial administration. In turn, France Rwanda had signed an agreement to supply arms in 1975, and on behalf of the French supported the dictatorial regime of the Hutu radicals, while their opponents Tutsis had become anglophones. U.S. always sided with the Tutsi, and currently sponsors the activities of Rwanda, along with Burundi and Uganda in the war of violence that takes place, for years, the Democratic Republic of Congo, formerly Zaire. With this background, who joined the division of interests between the Western powers, it was what was known as "the slaughter in Rwanda" , a genocide that took place in only four months between April and July 1994.

The April 6, 1994-to-air missile shot down the plane carrying the presidents of Rwanda, Juvenal Habiarymana, and Burundi, Cyprien Ntaryamira, when I was about to land at the airport in Kigali, the Rwandan capital , killing everyone aboard. This attack and the chaos that triggered the killings happened.

The Rwandan government, then in the hands of Hutu, and called all Hutus to kill Tutsis, on whom suspicion fell for the attack. That call to slaughter faster also found an echo in the media in the hands of government, which incited people to kill all Tutsis. To do so civilians were armed with hammers, hoes, sticks, machetes and axes, items used at close range. It should be noted that this was the triggering event, but the tension between different ethnic groups can be traced back long ago.

Before the start of the genocide, prepared lists of Tutsis and opposition leaders who were to be killed. Note that already 1992 the Belgian Parliament had information that was preparing a "final solution" of the ethnic problem, but nobody did anything . The Hutu faction in power and had proposed to apply a "final solution" to the ethnic conflict which would consist of "finish the job", ie not letting the children live and, unlike previous situations, incited also by being opposite the implementation of an international peace plan promoted by several African countries in the agreements of Arusha, Tanzania, which provided that Hutus and Tutsis share political power. He was so moved huge masses of civilians, with an organization careful and effective results, as they managed to destroy the targets that had been raised, while the thousands of Tutsis who could flee fled to neighboring countries.

some 800,000 are estimated to approximate the number killed in the slaughter -which would amount to 11% of the total population of Rwanda, "among which were also moderate Hutus opposed to violence, some even joined in marriage Tutsis. At the same time, thousands of women who survived were infected with the AIDS virus, having been raped.

That genocide ended when Tutsi were abroad were grouped into the Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF). In July 1994, managed to take the capital, Kigali, and with it the power. There was developing another part of the slaughter. The RPF began to pursue the Hutu, took part in the massacre before or not. Many fled with their families to neighboring Congo, then called Zaire. Newcomers began to see images in the media, which had not previously dealt with the tragedy, showing the long convoys of refugees, the desperation in the streets of the Zairean town of Goma, to where they were persecuted by the RPF with Uganda government complicity and where it is estimated that killed some 200,000 Hutus more.

Thus you can not blame the slaughter in Rwanda only one party or another. But these conflicts continue today, sometimes at the level of skirmishes or unsolved crimes. "

The Twa, for being in the midst of this war between Hutus and Tutsis, were also victims of the massacres, killing 30% of them, and their already low number was reduced to about 11,000, equivalent to only 0 , 3% of the total population of Rwanda. Ethnicity very peaceful, this slaughter, which he joined in extreme poverty and disease, also dented his usual cheerfulness, which made often sing and dance.

strongman Paul Kagame
, 49 years old and belonging to the Tutsi ethnic group, is the current president of Rwanda . In October 1990, while Kagame was involved in a training program at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas (USA), the RPF invaded Rwanda. Kagame became the commander of the RPF. Despite some initial successes, a force of French and Belgian soldiers, Hutu and Zairian soldiers forced the withdrawal of the RPF. In late 1991 invasion repeated, again with limited success. In any such encroachment increased ethnic tension in the region. Began to take place so long peace talks between the RPF and the Rwandan government, which culminated in the Arusha Accords, which included political participation of the RPF in Rwanda and the development of a new constitution for the country. But despite these agreements, tensions are dissolved. That was how it was the day of the attack on the plane returning to Rwandan president, Juvenal Habyarimana, along with his pair of Burundi on April 6, 1994. It was the day, too, which threw the first stone to begin on the day after and extending for 100 days, the "slaughter of Rwanda."

Several sources, including members of the RPF itself, the guerrilla force led by Paul Kagame , point to it as a direct participant in this attack, knowing what would come next. Even some observers suggest that "Kagame did not mind sacrificing their fellow Tutsi provided to remove power to the Hutus, he knew very well that to eliminate the President Habyarimana was going to cause chaos in the country and put an end the democratic process. " To achieve its objectives, Kagame practically had the explicit support of Uganda and the United States , countries which in turn used the Rwandan Tutsi to overthrow the president of Zaire, Mobutu Sese Seko, putting in place to Laurent Kabila, helping the Congolese rebels took to be renamed Zaire in 1997, as Democratic Republic of Congo.

However, U.S. interests in the region were not only political. Since those years, and continuing after the arrival of Kagame to power with the complicity ally of Rwanda, Burundi and Uganda, in the former Zaire began to develop a war that continues today, and that by some estimates has been recorded around 2 million deaths. That war is produced by the country's mineral resources like gold and diamonds but mostly for rare minerals such as niobium and coltan, very useful for the U.S. aerospace and satellite, as well as other applications such as cellular telephony. Booty is no stranger to that, incidentally, the multinational Bayer , who participates with others in the farm.



Paul Kagame was installed in the government of Rwanda in July 1994, at the end of the 100-day genocide, agreeing in March 2000 for the presidency, which continues today. On August 25, 2003 overwhelmingly won the first national elections since the RPF made came to power, amid reports of observers from the European Union relating to irregularities in the elections and harassment of opposition parties. Sign

and obedient ally of the United States, Paul Kagame has been both highly critical of the role played by the United Nations during the 1994 genocide. Moreover, the criticism went to France for his role in it, to not take preventive measures remember that the French-supported and militarily supported the Hutu-led in March 2004 a diplomatic crisis between the two countries.

The sad part of the West and the UN
In 1994 the United Nations (UN), was stationed in Rwanda peacekeepers, at such times and places in which they were committing acts of genocide.
The mission was smaller in number than they had originally recommended, was not prepared properly and lacked properly trained troops and adequate equipment. With this background, the UNAMIR forces chose to sit on when the genocide began, not the weapons seized were distributed to the militias, despite having the authority to do so, and the time the massacres began evacuated field and left unprotected victims. There were some heroic acts by soldiers in those forces peace by choice, who lost their lives trying to defend the persecuted.

Despite all the evidence, the UN, under pressure from several Western governments, not described these killings as "genocide" until May 25, when much of the slaughter had already been consummated, and instead of sending reinforcements peacekeeping troops in Rwanda decided to withdraw, a decision made by member states of the Security Council. Thus, victims of the slaughter were in utter helplessness, and his pursuers with his hands completely free to commit to what they wanted. Specifically, the Security Council decided to reduce the number of soldiers of UNAMIR from 2,700 to 270, what happened after the murder of ten Belgian soldiers and Prime Minister of Rwanda, to protect those soldiers.
came to light when the actual proportions of the slaughter the Security Council in mid-May 1994, decided to authorize the dispatch of 5,500 UN troops, but between the slow pace of proceedings and the preparation of the transfer were few who arrived before the end of the killing, which occurred in July when the country took over the Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF), led by Paul Kagame and the Tutsi-dominated.

The conflict in Rwanda, the UN once again proved -As he did in the war against Yugoslavia, or later in the regions resulting from the partition of Yugoslavia, the conflict in Kosovo, and U.S. launch of its war against Iraq, which his performance has been disgraceful. Merely give the impression of a weak body, ineffective, with the major powers-the United States, United Kingdom, France, Russia and China, installed as permanent members and immovable in the Security Council, make it what they place and also manage your pleasure and convenience the strings of international coexistence.
The September 15, 1999, an independent investigation commissioned by the UN Secretary General, identified several failures of the measures taken by the United Nations during the Rwandan genocide. The causes of total failure of the United Nations actions before and during the genocide in Rwanda were summarized in the report as "lack of resources and unwillingness to take responsibility to prevent or stop the genocide" .

In Western countries took sides in the Rwandan conflict already mentioned some aspects. But what of France is reaching aspects of scandal even today, as the prosecutor of the Military Court of Paris has opened a preliminary investigation by "complicity in genocide and / or complicity in crimes against humanity ", as a result of the complaint filed by six Rwandans to which the presiding judge heard recently in Kigali, who accuse the French troops have helped the genocide during the" Operation Turquoise " in 1994. It has opened up even further judicial stage in the statement targets the French army for its actions in Rwanda when the genocide of 1994. The military prosecutor in Paris announced the opening of a judicial inquiry that aims to unidentified French soldiers so far.

open judicial information for now only affects two of the six complaints. The first assured the judge that "Hutu militiamen entered the camp and appointed Tutsis to the French military was forced to leave the camp", continuing: "I saw the militia killing Tutsis who had left the camp. I say, and is the truth, I've seen a French military kill Tutsis bright using large knives, "referring probably to bayonets. For its part, Gisanura testified on the situation in the town of Biserero: "The militiamen attacked and chased us, and affirm that the French military from attending the show their cars, doing nothing. They were French because they spoke French, were white and had the French flag in the hole. "

is quite possible that this issue, as all related to the military and even a power like France, initially as a stuffy or go through a process of delay in treatment until they are properly diluted to be forgotten. How will dare a little black African country to face the civilized France?



The sad part of the Church
There is evidence that sectors have accused the Catholic Church complicity, active or passive, in the 1994 genocide. According to a UN report of November 2009, Hutu militias of the Democratic Front for the Liberation of Rwanda (FDLR) "have regularly received political, logistical and financial support from people linked to Catholic foundations" such as "El Olivar "e" Inshuti "and also funds from, for example," directly from the Government of the Balearic Islands. "

Since colonization and evangelization of the country (80% populated by Hutu and Tutsi 10%), circa 1900, the Church played a role not only religious but political. In their work, Catholic missionaries were met with resistance from the Tutsi and enjoyed, however, of great benevolence Hutu. While you can not accuse the Church have created differences between the Hutu and Tutsi, have helped to entrench and justify the division of two groups that had never been faced over the centuries but squabbles of interest between farmers Tutsi and Hutu ministers. Ethnologists and missionaries in Africa thought they had found a land in which to apply their own racial theories of the nineteenth century.

In 1931, the Church obtained the dismissal of Muyinga Tutsi king, contrary to the Christianization of his people. Numerous clergy and members of the hierarchy is involved in the spread of "racist schemes" , for example in the work of Father Albert Pagés or Bishop Leon Classe. After Father Lopi, Abbe Alexis Kagame spread racist schemes in the local language. In 1933, the "White Fathers" founded the Catholic newspaper "Kinyameteka", which later propagate the ideology Parmehutu ", where the Tutsi is a" non-Christian, anti-white, "" liar "," smart and devious ", while the Hutu are" worker, "Indian docile", "friend of White.

With an absolute monopoly on education The Church multiplied the formation of seminarians abbots and Hutu, to make Rwanda a "kingdom of Christ" and in 1946 the King Mutara III, chosen by the Church, the country officially dedicated to "Christ the King." conversion to Catholicism became the door required to access any colonial employment.

independence But the wind blowing in the fifties nationalism reinforced the "communist" and "atheist" by the Tutsi. In 1957, the Hutu Rwandan near the vicarage, a manifesto drafted whereby the Tutsis are intruders arrived from the Nile, where they will return. "The Sermon on the Charity Bishop Perraudin, 1957, and his Lenten pastoral letter racist Feb. 11 led directly "massacre of All Saints 1959, during which civilians armed with machetes and burned the farms of the Tutsis, leaving tens of thousands dead and no fewer refugees. When in 1963 the Tutsi refugees attempted to return to Rwanda, now an independent republic, tens of thousands were killed in the "Christmas red".

Since independence, the domain of the Church worsened, particularly its right wing, the Renouveau Charismatique and "secret department" of Opus Dei. In 1973 we can speak of the regime of President Habyarimana and Hutu a Catholic dictatorship in a country almost entirely Catholic.

The minutes of May 16, 1997 Belgian parliamentary commission, numerous testimonies directly accuse the Catholic Church and its ramifications. priests, bishops, archbishops, abbots, priests, missionaries and members of Opus were officially charged with complicity, active or passive, in the 1994 genocide. According to Belgian researcher Pierre Galant, 816 machetes were purchased and distributed by Caritas-Rwanda in 1993. The white father Johan Pristil, ardent supporter of "Hutu-power", participated in the creation of Radio Mille Collines, translated Mein Kampf (the book written by Adolf Hitler) to the Kinyarwanda and saw the Tutsi as "Jews of Africa." 30,000 bodies were found in his parish in Nymba. Radio Mille Collines radio-or death-killing preached every day.

The priest Athanase Seromba (hosted in Florence, Italy) was sentenced to 15 years in prison for genocide and crimes against humanity by the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda. According to the court, the priest ordered the parish of Nyange down, sheltering more than 2000 people, mostly Tutsi community.

The Criminal Tribunal of Rwanda based in Arusha, filed charges of genocide against the Catholic priest Emmanuel Rukundo . It is found that "used his authority and influence to promote the kidnapping and murder of refugees", and "intended to destroy the Tutsi ethnic group."

The sisters nuns Mikabutera Mukangango and were sentenced to 12 and 15 years for the courts of Belgium (the country where they escaped) for having given to the Tutsi refugees at their monasteries. The first also was convicted of buying the fuel used by the genocide.

Elizaphan Ntakirutimana was sentenced to 10 years in prison for acts similar.
Belgian Father Guy Theunis is charged with 10 counts of genocide. He was responsible for the magazine "Dialogue" in which he published articles inciting to commit massacres against Tutsis. The priest said following orders from his superiors when he signed the documents and decisions were made by the head of the congregation, also Belgian Jef Vleugles. The prosecutor Emmanuel Rukangira said Theunis incited genocide in his Dialogue magazine publishing articles that were originally published in extremist Kangura. The former editor of it, Hassan Ngeze, and was sentenced to life imprisonment by the court United Nations and the Rwandan genocide. Genocide

notorious hide and are protected in convents, monasteries and parishes.
In France, Abbe Munyeshyaka and others are protected by civil and political authorities of allegations of involvement in the killings. Rwandan genocide many priests escaped to Europe and Canada.

Although it is shown that there is a large direct involvement of the Church or members of the Church in the genocide, it may be completely generalized indirect involvement of the same: "We could have done more to prevent it. Do not use our influence for stop the killing ", several of the religious confession, never their bishops.



The future of Rwanda
prospects for Rwanda are not very encouraging: the power is in the hands of a circle shrinking of Tutsis about strongman, Paul Kagame , the Hutu military maintains its initiatives, the Rwandan government is also actively involved in the Congo war, government repression remains intense, the economic situation severe: 70% of the population lives below the poverty line, the application of justice is slow, inefficient and inequitable, with 120,000 detainees who have not been open process, many of whom die from conditions that are, as often that a released detainee is killed, the genocide that decimated the intellectuals of the country adds difficulties for their recovery, and there is no official initiative for reconciliation.

however, have emerged some positive signs: in addition they rebuild homes, begin to proliferate associations of ordinary citizens, as women usually alone and with terrible experiences in tow, those of environmental protection, cooperatives credit, etc. But the most influential is the association that brings together victims, called "Ibuka (Remember), which works against forgetting and denial and kept some places destroyed as reminders.

The slaughter in Rwanda, another of the forgotten wars in which they have lost hundreds of thousands of lives, usually from the population of all concerned the political game of those who govern and only pretend to live at peace with their crops, livestock or pottery. Victims of a bloody game of chess that dispute, using them as pawns, major world powers and the prize winner may be a coveted mineral oil resources, or all at once.

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2010 World Cup: South Africa: 6,000 million euros of expenses in the most unequal country



The 2010 Soccer World Cup should be exposed as the complete farce it is. ZACF strongly condemns the audacity and hypocrisy of the government to present the event as an opportunity of a lifetime "for the development of those living in South Africa (and the rest of the continent). The blindingly clear is that the "opportunity" is and remains the frenzied thirst global capital and national and South African ruling elite. In fact, to say the least, the event will probably have more devastating consequences for the poor and working class South African , a process already running.

In preparing to receive the World, the government has spent about R800 billion euros -6000000000-(R757 billion in infrastructure development and R30 billion on stadiums that will never be filled), a gigantic slap in the face of those living in a country characterized by desperate poverty and an unemployment rate that borders 40%. In the past five years the working poor have expressed their indignation and disagreement about the failure of the government's attempt to repair the enormous social inequality in about 8,000 protests basic services and housing throughout the country. This pattern of expenditure is further evidence of the maintenance of the failed neoliberal capitalist model and its economy "drip", which has merely reinforced inequality and global poverty. Despite having denied earlier, the government has recently admitted that taking a turn, and now pretends that the project "never intended" to generate profits.

South Africa desperately needs large-scale public infrastructure , especially in the public transport sector, which in some cities - such as Johannesburg - is almost completely absent. The Gautrian [ TGV high speed ], which was released on Tuesday, June 8 (just in time for the big event) is probably the greatest irony : In a country where the vast majority have unsafe private mini-bus taxis to travel long distances daily The high-speed Gautrain offers, luxurious transportation for tourists and those traveling between Johannesburg and Pretoria ... at least for those who can afford, taking into account that a simple trip from the airport to Sandton cost the grand sum of R100. The same image is displayed on all sides: the Airports Company South Africa (ACSA) has spent about R16 billion to improve airports, the private National Roads Agency Limited (SANRAL) has spent nearly R23 billion on a new network of toll roads, which will mean strict cost-recovery measures to restore the billions invested, most of which will be only a negligible benefit to the poor people of South Africa. Throughout the country municipalities have undertaken urban regeneration schemes ... accompanied by plans of gentrification, as the government attempts to paper soon the harsh reality of South Africa.

About 15,000 people homeless and street children have been rounded up and dumped in shelters in Johannesburg, Cape Town the municipality has evicted thousands of people from areas poor and squatter camps as part of the project "beautification" of the World Cup. Cape Town (unsuccessfully) tried to evict 10,000 residents of Joe Slovo [one of the largest settlements in South Africa] from their homes to hide from tourists traveling on the N2 highway, and elsewhere have been removed for make room for stadiums, parking for fans or train stations [2]. In Soweto, the streets have been embellished along major tourist routes and FIFA, as the broken windows adjacent schools and buildings look virtually collapse.

While many South Africans remain without convincing, others are flooded and swept away by the flood of nationalist propaganda aimed at diverting attention from the circus that is the World Cup. Every Friday has been called "Football Friday" day that encourages the "nation" (and forces the kids at school) to wear T-shirts, Bafana Bafana [African national team]. The cars are equipped with flags, people learn to dance the "Diski" dance "that is danced in every tourist restaurant, and bought dolls of the mascot Zakumi. Any skeptic of this show is denigrated as unpatriotic, the prime example occurs when the strike of the Union of South African Transport and Allied Workers (SATAWU) is set aside "for interés nacional" [3]. En un contexto en el que cerca de un millón de trabajados han sido perdidos en el curso del año pasado, las celebraciones del gobierno de que la copa mundial ha creado cerca de 400.00 puestos son vacías e insultantes. Los trabajos que han sido creados a la carrera son en su mayoría casuales o con "Contratos a plazo fijo", tomados por los trabajadores que no están sindicalizados y que son pagados muy por debajo del salario mínimo.

Aparte de la represión de los sindicatos, los movimientos sociales han recibido una hostilidad similar de parte del Estado, que ha puesto extraoficialmente una prohibición absoluta a toda protesta durante el curso del evento. De hecho, hay cierta evidence that this has been carried out since the first of March. According to Jane Duncan [the Freedom of Expression Institute]:

A shocking report issued late last week about the other municipalities that host World Cup matches has revealed that a total ban concentrations is operation. In the words of the municipality of Rustenberg, "meetings are closed for the World Cup." Mbombela Municipality received a report from the SAPS [South African Police Service] that would not allow concentrations during the World Cup. The City Council of Cape Town said it continues to accept applications for marches, but noted that "it would be a problem" during the World Cup. According to Nelson Mandela Bay municipality and Ethekwini, the police did not allow concentrations throughout the period of the World [4].

Although it is clear that the creation, often hailed for its "progressive" is far from being a guarantor of freedom and equality that the government says it is, this new form of repression is clearly in contradiction with the constitutional right freedom of expression and assembly. However, social movements in Johannesburg, including the Anti-Privatisation Forum and many others have not given up easily, having been approached to get permission for a protest march on the opening day with the help of Freedom of Expression Institute. However, progress is being forced to be contained to three kilometers from the stadium, where it will not attract the type of media attention that the government concerned.

was not only the state that has been severe in terms of repression with the poor and any activity or demonstration against the World painting within South Africa as a host inviting open arms to come en masse to their upscale hotels, inns and cocktails, but does so under the guidance of that legal rule Sepp Blatter and his friends called FIFA . Not only expect to benefit from an unexpected gain of about 1.2 billion euros, but have already gained about one million euros only with the rights of the media. stadiums and the surrounding areas, which have been transferred to FIFA for the duration of the tournament (literally " tax free, creating areas controlled and monitored by the FIFA exempt from normal taxes other state laws ), and all routes to and from the stadiums have been cleaned by force anyone to sell unauthorized products Cup and who survive in squatter camps along routes airport. The same happened to the people that had the World Cup sales to increase revenue to survive, they are left to "trickle down" economy.

FIFA, as the owner of the exclusive World Cup brand and its products, also has a team of approximately 100 lawyers reviewing the country by any unauthorized sale of these products or brand marketing. These products are confiscated and the sellers are arrested despite the fact that most people in South Africa and the continent buy their products sector illegal trade, while few have R400 to spend on shirts and other equipment. It also has effectively gagged journalists with a clause that prevents accredited media organizations discredit FIFA clearly compromising the freedom of the press [5].

The greatest irony is that football was ever really the game of the working class. Football matches live on stage was cheap and easily accessible to people who chose to use 90 minutes of his life to forget the drudgery of daily living under the boot of the employer and the state. Today, professional football and World Cup gives exorbitant profits to a small elite group global and national (with billions spent unnecessarily and in a time of global crisis of capitalism) they charge their customers thousands of rands, pounds, euros, etc. season to season to do with annoyance to players who charge excessive salaries drop and roll at the slightest push, and discussing, through parasitic agents, whether or not they deserve their huge salaries. A game that in many ways retains its aesthetic beauty, has lost its soul and working class has been reduced to another commodity to exploit.

Bakunin once said that "people go to church for the same reasons for going to the tavern: to lose consciousness, to forget their misery, to imagine, even for a few minutes free and happy. "Perhaps, among the blinding nationalist flags waving and the sound of vuvuzelas [horns], we can add the sport and add its equation may seem easier to forget to take an active part in the fight against injustice and inequality. There are many that do, however, and the poor and working class are less malleable to the illusion that the government would like to believe. Since the temporary encampments on the door of the stadium, to the protests and mass demonstrations , through strike action in the field, licensed or not, despite the taunts and jeers and the categories of "anti-patriotic" or bans on freedom of expression, we hear our voices defiantly to expose the terrible inequalities that characterize our society and the global games conducted at the expense of the lives of those on which empires have been built and will be, sooner or later destroyed.

This statement was issued by the Zabalaza Anarchist Communist Front [ Anarchist Communist Front Zalabaza ]

Extracted from: http://www.ainfos.ca/ca/ainfos10965.html

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Waka waka. Because this is Africa.

Because life in Africa is not no party:

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How much does the TV in our 'unconscious'?


Dreams reflect what we experience when we are awake, but the subconscious, free from the mandate of the rational cortex, play with our experiences, ideas and emotions stored in memory and in the limbic system (zones that are active during sleep). It

curious and disturbing the conclusion of a study by Eva Murzyn, University of Dundee (Scotland): older people during their childhood saw only black and white TV are also dreaming in black and black many years, unlike young current dream primarily in color. There is a critical period in childhood where you see [shows and movies] has a great impact on the way dreams are formed. This could happen between three and 10 years. The psychologist says that no matter how long a person is watching television, as well as the impression of what has been the viewer.

This demonstrates the decisive influence of television on children and how it shapes the human unconscious at all levels: fashion, attitudes, values, prejudices ... and dreams.